碳代谢基因gabT调控生防菌Snea253的γ-氨基丁酸代谢途径影响杀线虫活性

【背景】委内瑞拉链霉菌Snea253是本实验室前期获得的具有杀植物线虫活性的生防放线菌,通过生物信息学分析,γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶基因(gabT)是参与Snea253碳代谢的重要基因之一。【目的】明确gabT基因通过调控Snea253的γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric acid,GABA)代谢通路,从而影响菌株的活性。【方法】以紫外诱变所得弱毒株(Snea253-R)为材料,以南方根结线虫为靶标,在弱毒株中过表达gabT基因,通过酶联免疫法(ELISA)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别检测菌株中GABA和下游代谢产物琥珀酸的含量及杀线虫活性,同时检测在不同碳源培养条件下野生型菌株gabT基因表达水平、产物含量和杀线虫活性。【结果】过表达菌株R-p IB139的gabT基因上调表达,GABA含量降低,琥珀酸含量升高,杀线虫活性提高了39%;在8种不同碳源培养条件下,gabT基因在野生株中相对表达量较高的培养基碳源是可溶性淀粉和玉米淀粉,其发酵液中GABA含量较低,发酵液中下游代谢产物增多,杀线虫活性较高。【结论】通过改变gabT基因的表达,明确GABA支路在调控Snea253代谢以提高杀线虫的过程中发挥重要作用。     

根茎禾草沙鞭的克隆基株及分株种群特征

 在内蒙古沙地站对根茎禾草沙鞭的观测实验发现,沙鞭具有规则的克隆生长、“游击型”克隆构型和相当快的克隆扩展。其地下根茎的寿命至少2年。这些发现指示着该植物种可能具有很强的克隆整合。对内蒙古沙地站和内蒙古草原站的单种沙鞭分株种群的比较和在各站对单种和混交沙鞭分株种群的比较发现,不同地点和在不同群落条件下的沙鞭分株种群在许多重要性状上都存在差异。这些结果暗示着克隆可塑性对沙鞭生态适应性的可能贡献。关于沙鞭克隆整合和克隆可塑性的进一步研究是必要的。     

北京市怀沙-怀九河市级水生野生动物保护区鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护

怀沙河和怀九河是两条自然汇入北京怀柔水库的河流,被规划为北京市第一个市级水生野生动物保护区。2004年3月~2005年2月,作者对该保护区内野生鱼类资源进行了本底调查。调查区域内野生淡水鱼类共计24种(不计引入种),隶属于6目11科24属,以鲤形目鲤科鱼类为主,多为山区溪流小型鱼类。鱼类物种多样性在空间分布上有所不同,两河下游近水库河段物种多样性最高,这可能与两个不同生态环境交界处的边缘效应有关;其多样性在时间上春夏季高于秋冬季。结合区域内的生境特点,建议加强对核心区的保护力度,重新规划缓冲区和过渡区;在保护自然环境的同时,兼顾当地居民的经济利益,达到人与资源的和谐发展。     

Adenovirus-mediated expression of pig α(1,3) galactosyltransferase reconstructs Gal α(1,3) Gal epitope on the surface of human tumor cells

INTRODUCTIONGal a(1, 3) Gal (gal epitope) is a carbohydrate epitope, which is produced in large amounton the cells of pigs, mice and New World monkey(monkey of South America) by the glycosylationenzyme G alal 1 ) 4G IcNAc3- a- D- galactosyltransferase[or(1, 3)GT; EC2.4.1.511111. This enzyme is active in the Golgi appaxatus of cells and transfers galactose from the sugandonor uridine diphoSphate galactose (UDP-galactose) to the acceptor Nacetyllactosamine residue (Galaal-4GlcNAc-R…     

小鼠肝炎病毒抗体检测试剂盒的标准化研究

目的筛选适合制备检测试剂盒的抗原组合。方法用 ＥＬＩＳＡ方法,将５株小鼠肝炎病毒（ＭＨＶ）抗原分别组合作为包被抗原,研究ＭＨＶ抗原不同组合与标准毒株抗体的反应性,分析ＭＨＶ各毒株间的差别,进一步比较不同组台抗原的灵敏性、特异性。结果通过对１９９７～１９９９年送检２３８只普通级实验小鼠检测,结果表明,ＭＨＶ的感染率虽有下降趋势,但感染率仍然很高（５９％～８７％）。结论我国分离的ＭＨＶ－ＨＵ７９株,在本次研究中表明能够用于ＭＨＶ抗体检测试剂盒。     

Immunolcocalization of actin in intact and DNA—and histone—depleted nuclei and chromosomes of allium cepa

The presence of actin in eukaryotic nuclei and chromosomes,and especially in higher plant nuclei and chromosomes,has not been well established.We detected actin in meristematic cells of Allium cepa with indirect immunofluorescence technique and observed bright fluorescence in the intact nuclei and chromosomes,indicating that actin is present in the nuclei and chromosomes of the higher plant.We labeld sections of the meristematic cells of A.cepa with immunogold technique,gold parti cles were concentrated in condensed chromatin and nucleoli,confirming the results of the immunofluoresence observations.We traeated the nuclei and chromosomes of A.cepa with DNase I and 2M NaCl and obtained DNA-and histone-depleted nuclei and chromosomes.Indirect immunofluorescence tests showed that the DNA-and histonedepleted nuclei and chromosomes reacted positively with the anti-actin antibodies.These results demonstrate that the anti-actin antibodies.These results demonstrate that actin exists not only in intact nuclei and chromosomes,but also in DNA-and histone-depleted nuclei and chrmosomes of the plant.In addition,our immuno-fluorescence tests indicate that tropomyosin is present in the nuclei and chromosomes of A.cepa.     

An Arabidopsis embryonic lethal mutant with reduced expression of alanyl—t RNA synthetase gene

In present paper,one of the T-DNA insertional embryonic lethal mutant of Arabidopsis is identified and designated as acd mutant.The embryo developmant of this mutant is arrested in globular stage,The cell division pattern is abnormal during early embryogenesis and results in distubed cellular differentiation.Most of mutant embryos are finally degenerated and aborted in globular stage,However,a few of them still can germinate in agar palte and produce seedlings with shoter hypoctyl and distorted shoot meristem.To understand the molecular basis of the phenotype of this mutant,the joint fragment of T-DNA/plant DNA is isolated by plasmid rescue and Dig-labeled as probe for cDNA library screening.According to the sequence analysis and similarity searching,a 936 bp cDNA sequence(EMBL accession #:Y12555)from selectoed positive clone shows a 99.8%(923/925bp) sequence homolgy with Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase(AlaRS) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana.Furthermore,the data of in situ hybridization experiment indicate that the expression of Ala RS gene is weak in early embryogenesis and declines along with globular embryodevelopment in this mutant Accordingly,the reduced expression of Ala RS gene may be closely related to the morphological changes in early embryogenesis of this lethal mutant.     

我国东、南沿海地区AM真菌群落生态分布研究

在我国东、南沿海地区AM真菌资源调查的基础上研究了AM真菌的群落生态分布和特征。证明球囊霉属在该地区的出现频度和相对多度都最高,其次是硬囊霉属。该区内南四省AM真菌丰度、密度和物种多样性指数均比北三省高。聚类分析结果和上述相似,说明我国东、南沿海各省AM真菌的丰度、频度、密度、多度和多样性特征由北向南呈规律性变化。     

桐花树活性内生真菌筛选及其抗菌化学成分的研究

为了探究桐花树内生真菌在抑菌方面的价值,该文以内生真菌发酵产物的抑菌作用为评价指标筛选活性菌株,采用生物活性跟踪方法结合多种色谱技术分离活性菌株的化学成分,通过波谱与文献数据比对鉴定单体化合物结构,并利用微孔板法测定单体化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明:(1)从桐花树分离得到的16株内生真菌分属2纲7目10科10属,镰刀菌属(Fusarium)为优势菌属。内生真菌GXIMD02029和GXIMD02039的发酵产物对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、粘性放线菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有不同程度的抑制作用,GXIMD02038发酵产物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。(2)7个化合物从内生真菌Phomopsis sp. GXIMD02029中被分离并鉴定为(15R)-acetoxydothiorelone A(1)、cytosporone B(2)、pestalotiopsone H(3)、pestalotiopsone B(4)、4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(5)、p-Hydroxybenzoic acid(6)、N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide(7)。(3)化合物1和2有不同程度的抑菌作用,化合物1对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为16.25 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对藤黄微球菌和粘性放线菌的MIC值为7.812 5 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为31.25 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1。化合物2对藤黄微球菌的MIC值为62.5 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对枯草芽孢杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、粘性放线菌的MIC值为125 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值为250 SymbolmA@ g·mL^-1。该文筛选了3株活性菌株,首次报道化合物1具有抗菌活性,为桐花树内生真菌在抗菌价值方面提供了依据。     

AHL类似物作为细菌群体感应系统促进剂的研究进展

应用N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯（N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones，AHL）介导的群体感应（quorum sensing，QS）系统调控生物膜形成和次级代谢物合成具有巨大的商业价值，但自然界中许多微生物能够产生群体淬灭（Quorum Quenching，QQ）酶，QQ酶能够降解天然AHL信号分子，使外源天然 AHL 信号分子的半衰期缩短，限制了天然AHL 信号分子的应用范围。化学合成的AHL类似物作为QS促进剂，通过与天然信号分子类似的结合方式形成转录二聚体，激活下游基因表达，但与天然AHL信号分子相比，化学合成的QS促进剂具有活性高、半衰期长等优点。本文综述了化学合成AHL类似物的设计思路、种类、作用机制及其在提高次级代谢物产量和生物浸矿方面的应用，并讨论了QS促进剂今后主要的研究方向，以期为QS促进剂的合成设计和实际应用提供参考。